Difference between revisions of "MIR workshop 2012"

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**  [https://ccrma.stanford.edu/workshops/mir2011/MAT240F-Code.zip UCSB MAT 240F Code]
 
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**  [https://ccrma.stanford.edu/workshops/mir2011/MAT240F-Sounds.zip UCSB MAT 240F Sounds]
 
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Revision as of 14:49, 25 June 2012

Intelligent Audio Systems: Foundations and Applications of Music Information Retrieval

Logistics

Workshop Title: Intelligent Audio Systems: Foundations and Applications of Music Information Retrieval

  • Participants:

Abstract

How would you "Google for audio", provide music recommendations based your MP3 files, or have a computer "listen" and understand what you are playing? This workshop will teach the underlying ideas, approaches, technologies, and practical design of intelligent audio systems using Music Information Retrieval (MIR) algorithms.

MIR is a highly-interdisciplinary field bridging the domains of digital audio signal processing, pattern recognition, software system design, and machine learning. Simply put, MIR algorithms allow a computer to "listen" and "understand or make sense of" audio data, such as MP3s in a personal music collection, live streaming audio, or gigabytes of sound effects, in an effort to reduce the semantic gap between high-level musical information and low-level audio data. In the same way that listeners can recognize the characteristics of sound and music - tempo, key, chord progressions, genre, or song structure - MIR algorithms are capable of recognizing and extracting this information, enabling systems to perform extensive sorting, searching, music recommendation, metadata generation, transcription, and even aiding/generating real-time performance.

This workshop is intended for: students, researchers, and industry audio engineers who are unfamiliar with the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR). We will demonstrate the myriad of exciting technologies enabled by the fusion of basic signal processing techniques with machine learning and pattern recognition. Lectures will cover topics such as low-level feature extraction, generation of higher-level features such as chord estimations, audio similarity clustering, search, and retrieval techniques, and design and evaluation of machine classification systems. The presentations will be applied, multimedia-rich, overview of the building blocks of modern MIR systems. Our goal is to make the understanding and application of highly-interdisciplinary technologies and complex algorithms approachable.

Knowledge of basic digital audio principles is required. Familiarity with Matlab is desired. Students are highly encouraged to bring their own audio source material for course labs and demonstrations.

Workshop structure: The workshop will consist of half-day lectures, half-day supervised lab sessions, demonstrations, and discussions. Labs will allow students to design basic ground-up "intelligent audio systems", leveraging existing MIR toolboxes, programming environments, and applications. Labs will include creation and evaluation of basic instrument recognition, transcription, and real-time audio analysis systems.

Schedule: Lectures & Labs

Day 1: Introduction to MIR, Signal Analysis and Feature Extraction

Presenters: Jay LeBoeuf, Leigh Smith


Day 1: Part 1 Lecture 1 Part 1 Slides

  • Introductions
  • CCRMA Introduction - (Carr/Sasha). CCRMA Tour.
  • Introduction to MIR (What is MIR? Why are people interested? Commercial Applications of MIR)
  • Overview of a basic MIR system architecture
  • Timing and Segmentation: Frames, Onsets
  • Features: ZCR, Spectral moments; Scaling of feature data
  • Demo: Using simple heuristics and thresholds (i.e. "Why do we need machine learning?")
  • Classification: Instance-based classifiers (k-NN)
  • Information Retrieval Basics (Part 1)
    • Classifier evaluation (Cross-validation, training and test sets)


Day 1: Part 2 Lecture 2 Slides

  • Overview: Signal Analysis and Feature Extraction for MIR Applications (Historical: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx?c=icmc;idno=bbp2372.1999.356)
  • MIR Application Design
    • Audio input, analysis
    • Statistical/perceptual processing
    • Data storage
    • Post-processing
  • Windowed Feature Extraction
    • I/O and analysis loops
  • Feature-vector design (Overview: http://www.create.ucsb.edu/~stp/PostScript/PopeHolmKouznetsov_icmc2.pdf)
    • Kinds/Domains of Features
    • Application Requirements (labeling, segmentation, etc.)
  • Time-domain features (MPEG-7 Audio book ref)
    • RMS, Peak, LP/HP RMS, Dynamic range, ZCR
  • Frequency-domain features
    • Spectrum, Spectral bins
    • Spectral measures (statistical moments)
    • Pitch-estimation and tracking
    • MFCCs
  • Spatial-domain features
    • M/S Encoding, Surround-sound Processing Frequency-dependent spatial separation, LCR sources
  • Other Feature domains
    • Wavelets, LPC


  • Application: Instrument recognition and drum transcription / Using simple heuristics and thresholds (i.e. "Why do we need machine learning?")


Lab 1:

Students who need a personal tutorial of Matlab or audio signal processing will split off and received small group assistance to bring them up to speed.

  • REMINDER: Save all your work, because you may want to build on it in subsequent labs.

Day 2: Beat-finding and Rhythm Analysis

Presenter: Leigh Smith

Lecture 3 Slides A list of beat tracking references cited

  • Onset-detection: Many Techniques
    • Time-domain differences
    • Spectral-domain differences
    • Perceptual data-warping
    • Adaptive onset detection
  • Beat-finding and Tempo Derivation
    • IOIs and Beat Regularity, Rubato
      • Tatum, Tactus and Meter levels
      • Tempo estimation
    • Onset-detection vs Beat-detection
      • The Onset Detection Function
    • Approaches to beat tracking & Meter estimation
      • Autocorrelation
      • Beat Spectrum measures
      • Multi-resolution (Wavelet)
    • Beat Histograms
    • Fluctuation Patterns
    • Joint estimation of downbeat and chord change
  • Applications
    • Song clustering based on a variety of feature vectors
    • PCA of feature spaces using Weka


Lab 2:

  • Feature extraction and flexible feature vectors in MATLAB, Marsyas, Aubio, libExtract
  • MATLAB/Weka code for sound clustering with a flexible feature vector
  • C++ API examples Marsyas, Aubio, libExtract - pre-built examples to read and customize
  • Extract CAL 500 per-song features to .mat or .csv using features from today. This will be used on lab for Friday. Copy it from the folder ccrma-gate.stanford.edu:/usr/ccrma/workshops/mir2011/cal500.tar (beware it's a 2Gb .tar file!) or grab the AIFF versions from ccrma-gate.stanford.edu:/usr/ccrma/workshops/mir2011/cal500_aiffs.tar (that's 16 GB)
  • Down-loads
  • Notes on c-API configuration
    • FFTW

./configure --help
./configure --enable-float

    • libSndFile

./configure --disable-external-libs --disable-sqlite

    • CAL500 decoding

for i in *.mp3; do echo $i; afconvert -d BEI16@44100 -f AIFF "$i"; done

Day 3: Pitch Representations and Analysis Methods

Presenter: Steve Tjoa

Lecture 3

  • Features:
    • Monophonic Pitch Detection
    • Polyphonic Pitch Detection
    • Pitch representations (Tuning Histograms, Pitch and Pitch Class Profiles, Chroma)
  • Analysis:
    • Dynamic Time Warping
    • Hidden Markov Models
    • Harmonic Analysis/Chord and Key Detection
  • Applications
    • Audio-Score Alignment
    • Cover Song Detection
    • Query-by-humming
    • Music Transcription

Lab 3

  • tbd

Day 4: Steve Tjoa, Oscar Celma (Gracenote)

Lecture 4

  • Music Recomendation
    • Overview of music recommendation. What's hard about it.
    • Some statistics and observations about the music industry and the need for recomendation.
    • Point-Counterpoint: Should we bother with content-based analysis.

Lab 4

Day 5: Jay LeBoeuf, Michael Mandel, Steve Tjoa, Leigh Smith,

  • Autotagging
    • Features for autotagging (some of this will be review, given days 1 through 4.)
    • Demos of clustering for different types of acoustic features.
    • Training Data.
    • Classifiers (focus on AdaBoost)
    • Feature selection.
    • Evaluation with lots of examples.
  • Time permitting:
    • Advanced features
    • Sparse coding
    • Using musical structure.

Lab 5

See MIR_workshop_2011_day5_lab for a full description. Here is a summary:

  • The basics (some Python code available to help).
    • Calculate acoustic features on CAL500 dataset (students should have already done this.)
    • Read in user tag annotations from same dataset provided by UCSD.
    • Build similarity matrix based on word vectors derived from these annotations.
    • Query similarity matrix with a track to get top hits based on cosine distance.
    • Build second similarity matrix using acoustic features.
    • Query this similarity matrix with track to get top hits based on cosine distance.
  • Extra (I didn't write code for this, but can help students find examples).
    • Query the EchoNest for additional acoustic features and compare to yours.
    • Use the CAL500 user annotations as ground truth and evaluate your audio features (ROC curve or some precision measure).
    • Compare a 2D visualization of acoustic features versus UCSD user annotations.



Bonus Lab material

software, libraries, examples

Applications & Environments

Machine Learning Libraries & Toolboxes

Optional Toolboxes

Supplemental papers and information for the lectures...

Past CCRMA MIR Workshops and lectures

References for additional info

Recommended books:

  • Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition by Ian H. Witten , Eibe Frank (includes software)
  • Netlab by Ian T. Nabney (includes software)
  • Signal Processing Methods for Music Transcription, Klapuri, A. and Davy, M. (Editors)
  • Computational Auditory Scene Analysis: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, DeLiang Wang (Editor), Guy J. Brown (Editor)
  • Speech and Audio Signal Processing:Processing and perception of speech and music Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan, Wiley 2000

Prerequisite / background material:

Papers:

Other books:

  • Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics) by Christopher M. Bishop
  • Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, Christopher M. Bishop, Oxford University Press, 1995.
  • Pattern Classification, 2nd edition, R Duda, P Hart and D Stork, Wiley Interscience, 2001.
  • "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach" Second Edition, Russell R & Norvig P, Prentice Hall, 2003.
  • Machine Learning, Tom Mitchell, McGraw Hill, 1997.

Interesting Links:

Audio Source Material

OLPC Sound Sample Archive (8.5 GB) [1]

http://www.tsi.telecom-paristech.fr/aao/en/category/database/

RWC Music Database (n DVDs) [available in Stanford Music library]

RWC - Sound Instruments Table of Contents

http://staff.aist.go.jp/m.goto/RWC-MDB/rwc-mdb-i.html

Univ or Iowa Music Instrument Samples

https://ccrma.stanford.edu/wiki/MIR_workshop_2008_notes#Research_Databases_.2F_Collections_of_Ground_truth_data_and_copyright-cleared_music

MATLAB Utility Scripts

http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~kglee/kaist_summer2008_special_lecture/

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